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Circuits
An electrical circuit is a set of electrical components connected in such a way that current flows in a loop from a voltage source, through the cirucit elements and back to the source.
Below is a basic circuit representing a 9-volt battery with a 10,000$\Omega$ resistor attached accross its terminals. Through the application of Ohm's Law we can determine that the maximum current will be 0.9 miliamps.
Open an short circuits
A circuit with a break in its loop is called an open circuit. When a circuit is open, no current flows.
A short circuit is a path in a circuit that allows current to flow with little or no resistance. This is usually unintentional and results in excessive current flowing through the circuit. A short circuit is the opposite to an open circuit. With an open circuit there is an infinite resistance between the two terminals.