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A serial port/device transmits data sequentially, one bit at a time over a single channel/data line.
This is in contrast to parallel transmission, where there are multiple channels/data lines, used simultaneously.
With serial transmission, one bit is sent after another:
With parallel transmission, each bit of a byte travels on its own channel in parallel:
Although we say a serial device transmits over a single channel, this is a logical distinction. The actual electrical signals will be transmitted physically via multiple wires.
Serial devices on Linux
Most serial devices today connect via USB.
On Linux, /dev/ttyUSB* is a device file representing the
physical USB connection to a serial device like, for example, an
ESP32 microcontroller.