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Basic model of a *nix operating system
We can abstract the Linux OS into three operational levels or tiers, from the bottom up:
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User processes: user space
- The running programs that the kernel manages. Also known as the user space
which is the memory that the kernel assigns for user processes. Comprising:
- Graphical user interface
- Servers
- Shell
- The running programs that the kernel manages. Also known as the user space
which is the memory that the kernel assigns for user processes. Comprising:
-
Kernel: kernel space
- The core of the operating system. Software residing in memory that tells the
CPU where to look for its next task. Acts as a mediator and primary
interface between the hardware and the user processes. Known as kernel
space: the memory that the kernel allocates for itself. Comprising:
- System calls
- Process management
- Memory management
- Device drivers
- The core of the operating system. Software residing in memory that tells the
CPU where to look for its next task. Acts as a mediator and primary
interface between the hardware and the user processes. Known as kernel
space: the memory that the kernel allocates for itself. Comprising:
-
Hardware
- The base: one or more CPUs and RAM memory performing computations and
writing to memory. Comprising:
- Processor (CPU)
- Main memory (RAM)
- Disks
- Network ports
- The base: one or more CPUs and RAM memory performing computations and
writing to memory. Comprising: