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zk/The_History_of_Computing_Swade.md
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@ -96,8 +96,6 @@ automatically generated.
The DE's single purpose was to calculate and output mathematical tables such as The DE's single purpose was to calculate and output mathematical tables such as
the results of polynomial equations. The idea was that you would input the the results of polynomial equations. The idea was that you would input the
variables of the equation and activate the machine and it would output the
results. Associated with this concept was the idea that once it arrived at the
answer a bell would ring and the machine would _halt_. This influenced #Turing answer a bell would ring and the machine would _halt_. This influenced #Turing
later. It was non-programmable and designed for a specific set of calculations. later. It was non-programmable and designed for a specific set of calculations.
@ -469,6 +467,8 @@ widely studied making them influential outside of academia.
### UNIVAC (1951) ### UNIVAC (1951)
![UNIVAC_computer](../img/univac-1.jpg)
Mauchley and Eckert, who had designed the ENIAC left the Moore School and went Mauchley and Eckert, who had designed the ENIAC left the Moore School and went
into business: Eckert-Mauchley Computer Corporation. This was bought by into business: Eckert-Mauchley Computer Corporation. This was bought by
Remington Rand and in subsequent years became the main competitor to IBM. Remington Rand and in subsequent years became the main competitor to IBM.
@ -482,6 +482,8 @@ multiple means of input/output including: directly via an operator console
(basically a typewriter keyboard), magnetic tape for input and output, along (basically a typewriter keyboard), magnetic tape for input and output, along
with punched cards. with punched cards.
![UNIVAC operator console](../img/univac-operator-console.jpeg)
It was the first computer specifically designed to include business and It was the first computer specifically designed to include business and
administrative use. This was underscored by its first client: the US Census administrative use. This was underscored by its first client: the US Census
Bureau. Bureau.
@ -495,3 +497,20 @@ with blinking lights.
Swade notes that Eckert and Mauchley effectively launched the US commercial Swade notes that Eckert and Mauchley effectively launched the US commercial
computer industry with the UNIVAC. computer industry with the UNIVAC.
## IBM
- First created in 1911 as a merger of four companies all involved in some
capacity in business data processing. The most significant of these was the
Hollerith Tabulating Machine Company who's punched card machines had been used
in the 1890 census, greatly reducing its collation time
- Named IBM in 1924
- UNIVAC represented the encroachment of computing devices into IBM's market of
punched-card based data-processing and effectively put IBM on notice.
- To attack the threat IBM brought out three crucial machines: the 701, 702
and 650.
### IBM 701 ("Defense Calculator")