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b/zk/The_History_of_Computing_Swade.md @@ -96,8 +96,6 @@ automatically generated. The DE's single purpose was to calculate and output mathematical tables such as the results of polynomial equations. The idea was that you would input the -variables of the equation and activate the machine and it would output the -results. Associated with this concept was the idea that once it arrived at the answer a bell would ring and the machine would _halt_. This influenced #Turing later. It was non-programmable and designed for a specific set of calculations. @@ -469,6 +467,8 @@ widely studied making them influential outside of academia. ### UNIVAC (1951) +![UNIVAC_computer](../img/univac-1.jpg) + Mauchley and Eckert, who had designed the ENIAC left the Moore School and went into business: Eckert-Mauchley Computer Corporation. This was bought by Remington Rand and in subsequent years became the main competitor to IBM. @@ -482,6 +482,8 @@ multiple means of input/output including: directly via an operator console (basically a typewriter keyboard), magnetic tape for input and output, along with punched cards. +![UNIVAC operator console](../img/univac-operator-console.jpeg) + It was the first computer specifically designed to include business and administrative use. This was underscored by its first client: the US Census Bureau. @@ -495,3 +497,20 @@ with blinking lights. Swade notes that Eckert and Mauchley effectively launched the US commercial computer industry with the UNIVAC. + +## IBM + +- First created in 1911 as a merger of four companies all involved in some + capacity in business data processing. The most significant of these was the + Hollerith Tabulating Machine Company who's punched card machines had been used + in the 1890 census, greatly reducing its collation time + +- Named IBM in 1924 + +- UNIVAC represented the encroachment of computing devices into IBM's market of + punched-card based data-processing and effectively put IBM on notice. + +- To attack the threat IBM brought out three crucial machines: the 701, 702 + and 650. + +### IBM 701 ("Defense Calculator")