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<!--replace-end-7--><!--replace-end-4--><!--replace-end-1--></head><body><div class="ui fluid container universe"><!--replace-start-2--><!--replace-start-3--><!--replace-start-6--><div class="ui text container" id="zettel-container" style="position: relative"><div class="zettel-view"><article class="ui raised attached segment zettel-content"><div class="pandoc"><h1 id="title-h1">Internet fundamentals</h1><p>The internet is a <em><span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Network fundamentals"><a href="Network_fundamentals.html">network</a></span></span> of networks</em>. A globally connected set of computer networks that all use a suite of common <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Network protocols"><a href="Network_protocols.html">protocols</a></span></span>.</p><p>The protocols governing the communication between networks on the internet are specified in the <strong>Internet Protocol Suite</strong>.</p><p>This combines two protocols:</p><ul><li><strong>TCP</strong><ul><li>The Transmission Control Protocol</li></ul></li><li><strong>IP</strong><ul><li>The Internet Protocol</li></ul></li></ul><p>Hence the Internet Protocol Suite is also known as “TCP/IP”.</p><p>The TCP/IP is a network stack comprising four layers, each with its own protocols. From the top:</p><p><img alt="TCP/IP stack diagram" src="/static/TCP_IP.png" /></p><ul><li><p>The <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Link Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite"><a href="Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.html">Link Layer</a></span></span> concerns communication between devices on the same local network. The transfer of information once it has been received from the internet or its transfer between devices before it sent out into the internet. Ethernet and WiFi are two core protocols utilised at this layer.</p></li><li><p>The <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite"><a href="Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.html">Internet Layer</a></span></span> is concerned with communication accross networks. It is responsible for identifying hosts on the inter-network by their addresses and routing data from network to network.</p></li><li><p>The <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Transport Layer of the Internet Protocol"><a href="Transport_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.html">Transport Layer</a></span></span> creates a commmunication channel between two hosts using ports and sockets.</p></li><li><p>The <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Application Layer of the Internet Protocol"><a href="Application_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.html">Application Layer</a></span></span> concerned with software that utilises information received and sent over the internet, for instance web pages and emails. This is the highest level of abstraction for which all the lower levels serve as “plumbing”. Examples of protocols operative at the Application Layer include HTTP and SSH.</p></li></ul><p>See: <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Example scenario of data transfer accross the internet"><a href="Example_scenario_internet_data_transfer.html">Example_scenario_internet_data_transfer</a></span></span></p></div></article><nav class="ui attached segment deemphasized backlinksPane" id="neuron-backlinks-pane"><h3 class="ui header">Backlinks</h3><ul class="backlinks"><li><span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link"><a href="Network_protocols.html">Network protocols</a></span></span><ul class="context-list" style="zoom: 85%;"><li class="item"><div class="pandoc"><p>A prime example of a layered network stack is the <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Internet fundamentals"><a href="Internet_fundamentals.html">internet_protocol_suite</a></span></span>.</p></div></li></ul></li></ul></nav><nav class="ui attached segment deemphasized bottomPane" id="neuron-tags-pane"><div><span class="ui basic label zettel-tag" title="Tag">networks</span></div></nav><nav class="ui bottom attached icon compact inverted menu blue" id="neuron-nav-bar"><!--replace-start-9--><!--replace-end-9--><a class="right item" href="impulse.html" title="Open Impulse"><i class="wave square icon"></i></a></nav></div></div><!--replace-end-6--><!--replace-end-3--><!--replace-end-2--><div class="ui center aligned container footer-version"><div class="ui tiny image"><a href="https://neuron.zettel.page"><img alt="logo" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/srid/neuron/master/assets/neuron.svg" title="Generated by Neuron 1.9.35.3" /></a></div></div></div></body></html> |