From c06d6231281f7ce914d10f6d0a31a605c3d9d21d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thomasabishop Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2024 07:00:03 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Autosave: 2024-08-15 07:00:03 --- .zk/notebook.db | Bin 4153344 -> 4153344 bytes zk/Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md | 10 ++++++++++ zk/Internet_fundamentals.md | 9 +++++---- zk/Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md | 11 ++++++++++- zk/MAC_addresses.md | 2 +- 5 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) create mode 100644 zk/Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md diff --git a/.zk/notebook.db b/.zk/notebook.db index 42bf40f79750aa03dc90dbafea50042bef7c7c8f..65988a590549da106c0762c77f00f0b0f5ddd71b 100644 GIT binary patch delta 17317 zcmeHvdvqLEnP=CnM|V|McXhW~YPFtiS+*q0lKZ88$PdYn*w}IWh@CjWaqL!iOYT@w zD=o>6lQ`}6XlycgLxO<}1X! zn4MvN->q(`W$eHnHhcDuRb0}oTet4xyWjnO->Y)*#eWtq;(EGW$UM`rQ^C#QjNTv$4Ourk^SZKe+L! zmwSa9@6HHrR9<^eala(KdNpw4zZC->#|80oHnjZyHT~j`T9q%`JMHJ}GxmtRPx-F$ zjrxB#+?BGd{@5nJ6K(H$`r11#C+|V&UGKbz9|5ob)i>*P?`XydRrO($( z{hz3px}L9>{MUKOW)t4=rE5J`?h`(6~{ZM3qAAjjeqsbqQk37f=_4(&*vpY5_F-3U2A%G!l^xKa|;fTz_#|<(RUB*+$;F# z20vqhmr5zYLw_QIL4P)Ia@p1jF1qUwbo$dQIO&gD(CCl-#*6RX{g29D*o^;f{6$rN zT6n85aknPfD*bq9ll^Z#VKYQQkOV;%1Vs?+f)LY0+cbZwy?MeWH9oaTO#<@^tXW_! z0<#HBkkC*NggIRhZC$@J{#4WNoqF=hfy>Vdm!D;qpB0~bR+2&)%4}w#I8&h8GOHXHh1^oo5ZD^;ri#Jjxw+{=mXB3tLTM@K6j-d{U;+j} zailUNNE4a)Ja2KFDVSS6Kg*x>wrPwlE?5%*WwV*un3elPX%>gVdNR)B;>^qb#S`&;YnlB9)9!Roy-<&(uy(ON~NUyyQ{1&{*UQi(MAn*0h= z^YhtKVQ!&_SraYhByoXWrt%q4THyWS<`NUdv$RGp*1uKL`qy+brI48_WoDL=8XBt# zH2_uU&7+JJv05t1f|So>Pg^%$CY4IHp)QHczHl0A$YbVM#a<>ql9`#a=DKY}P$nS@ zis!5sGol3fU{SVQ$#sZCWtYIV56fYZE#d|}Jc`~kGZ+^SDhGAD$cmU8O=7=bpUN!c z&tT!xIMu((JWpBU8YJ)U0ItVT_>#x``kzAoh%k?Y7t8@!1#}U2wI@5Ajpicsi zSkyh!DX`)sPAKGxBrwT+GSioWrn;s;fvNNvy9D7S<=JJ?4{yD5m1Chb0Np< z{+=^}T*~AM*vK-5+yhq0<_l-7m%|`+{iJTgNnPZuN|ToaX`ZtrZU)Dhn4hgpWIHx$ z))E=Vm^8C|>hHy#ES9Wos1zVs^4UU-5O-ktnd}+xA12Vm#6{X&^y}~opi9QuYJbHc z3SfXViD)J(isH~*O0VKTq4lugl68j+A&qkY!Bkn>$A~o{4-U4rr8EsQEG=5>GtI>F zb12d(<^_3iw(xL`RLORUc$OXQ84QP>VK#R(w%V@#DBG}EO0!N23 zvCV!99%vD(;6ZJGhstCB8}M*{13Xk7Xha8yDnbWP(n5za_>$mZPa{0+YJdl{ybV0K zSHZ&@ZwC+jVEDPv!UAtbhjJYrnwH^V86ECwM2GlI=rDF$bij=3=+F)IYXuzIZvhPu zo@n2Q4bd7lw69>p=uOaYXMTW%& zWZ1Ec3^@xKxcsgI1D4qc47)90C|k&YzHdT?h1(&+ zaL}}j1_y722JzKsp#Da1;JFf(Oh&Qk`2cv^65x8k&orl6BGH#NH~+p#wRDD zkz_cVj!m$5^*@Bw^g#zxkJ;3(sK>5->gBHLhVkH#TAs5EX&8<3$r!3x5Wp! z$Do?vlBYAI({6Fsq?W*Da!Xqn4ivP(E$*5&h;v(4$F{hkj)55!!3pJIrBBAB7O%tY zzq;XV9NEjT4DSQ9Kku?E!#cdj34BV5xR9M&ies1u$S{n11!huGm()#0A^ksc!R zkY3-ABVkXKyDP0^1MuhGBLw}>@%RWM&=+B)&`ci@#Yxyryqbx!Wk1p@>-OO7^VWkt zLCF?pCJM6{AMZpZD1!WrxCH&w>Zo02up;Tr-aRo%nkyAB3p74}dQ1YPrn+fKjZR0` z*NjVg@7YY2C!gN-%IkJnC$ z61E7_!8;2FMR|T9L*q~ndqt6O-?~|+h-4qe*IIZhueW=YzM$KPZzM&4w^vAzQfYJ@ z=Mw1W%9wgk?QY?m0&DTeI?diuw-#wCchpZ)JRq<`O;S|uR)=72bJGwMg45z|jX=iY zty5CX_M>-;qIj-8yZiYejJsfmIa~Ivz;nDChK8u9PG|r6VO^8P_#utMoYNiJe(!|a z&544o=-ZPP1&hFoOq{EA+*8SL*2i!cxWj`lRA%DY`p9>fKS>X?l*p3~N?6KPwrKM@`h@g}#!;E@3f2SxvyvR2g?^R~)*p)fB z7Oft;vERh=v_pe6J1sti3C zsz=vchQtcB@%qVri{mszvVB1^;P^~8sUmR=rgtC6lbM~LtWmaPDAG)U#2B6>6=|+m zs;#;lW$c{AbFl{mwrDj8FnOUcO>%(<;E4+0j@l;dW76pYoH?9k_gc0cFFUPW!wYxs zUB6m7$6?+zJKY|S0SnI1oKBZhH#9e_G5sFR&@Cg)<#D?;7;`QS2A=L!$#4s58Vo`* z@N`$Z*Qx5N6LbK&w;8Yob(d2$+)xMbF9gdDL~=RNpG&{;%eSbwG+fT=FW;iehs3CG zziEG2KcNZti{D^F!VlOG(CWu~I1nat;gQLS#6&Ecn24t`v3x8%G6EQk#Zsw>@JKp6 zfxnU5NGg_1C1UYdIGKqjGn0vAK9kJH<5`xx^6YnYT(0V~-*xAn66OHz#`_p+GT%RE zKuP^6#(Il+{$b-$VXayD<6yTjES_XQu)Q@@G{61jK$pU{gv6cf?H^j-Ud@z@KkWQJ z)6e@lFJCtfaA zytY`ZZ}3gQC$|a}*O4QYhr5G zDUf8pwwZ}$^V_w9*<3Q2i^LO=Xeyjf#BzxgNSaGzBB|s=BALvjli6@2JrU1mC&RIL zK9Nq3WWwP@CYz5WCgWN2Q`ylL^TJDkmgdMvC_FM68ySrxhQq03B9e^7(&jVqj&{@e zv5uhmt(OA5)$hF+7+0HWO;e-M^l&1cOh(cvGhAhU^8@eOs9LS3zZe+4{MEp7Uv1S+ zG2z3OW^++}lTd#0@fT~(gKLl5Y|^v0bRIxnAHK{*e6!Ij~ji)&2=vThP!ZkC%}pi0DZ3YHad)Z>n;HF zkgt0Hpdrm#4uJB_{^Fqq4?usT2Vkt`0f3m=s_D!2KL)IL>n>r80Rv~*BU~9@Q3J@T zS@8(tW*c`1mzO=lU5zIH8q4HI=i56Poxpmdm9Gl&)Xi>RbbMr$S>JtIvmQp=KkAT>bvTeI>yb`>~s_#Sk?pJK7jV&>)g->1p!+6iqE#< zY_QDX)wZ1D0|QK6Tv+zbItBY&rokPXzMauMxPtHvKG=StTzA4^Rx4IFZf0smH;Rwd zeXb}E5|qQ`isBQEZq}woyL$a9yBfv>ceCEot}X+w$-(2lgWJ`EtGuiaHrmr@bjmWP zvFUT%mR|O!hL;U!%s!aaP{+v;1<=v?626g|7m~45|iV>kK4Sx8Fs3XK{^q3#H z6zJZ!p$ruUn|PYnZSHHy@Ht5n{^7+mO7x(m+kg*-3bN%FLmTcVD3NK8D9 zKms+{3Y~9uz5ru^?%p8DuoP=IhQeSJQMFx=b9op)W&V1w6GwNdHpJaEp-0VHnKYX% zVhog%JpM$bUQsUPNU5ZoVdls`lF7mQKg0Vv+!%qP1{>49HAbH@ubKiSlf$p!(%+uP!^?` zVyVEVyJcBI@FB~c>nXfr?aL@cz{~`cQF`ep7aKIKkRQ6M)uIjBW05~j2~ed=Ga0KM z-ZLv&Lz|(mUy%vaQxB>7a|qk=7Y_*HJfeH_z{}+F`T2!B2#33S1Q9_aPQ#c%$};uk zi7@H>9E?&laaMP=NWf&4PT6YrOQVSx}&~Q7{a~ujJA+6$ee#TrORM zQVZRcR8`I8^{8dH>QoVb@S?)2xpY-?BZ2|d6_EI|aY zLWy|&b%^q2I$@tkNN7ZXJ+)opgxj#)GowihL?ql~1(^holoW z;lzzky?jJyeor@?rna3slbhf5*zZReH$8Wn2j>&*)o*+#@D1i(b9_I%SE2pnGd|I8 zdT(^}v<-x^MV<#Uj{@b#6tWQA#aS(6mOtLsW4=)BP~Y*9KrchZS3lm?ZvN^0L#ny& zBY_Q66Z%A3hq>(&ZBg7*=RVQ)XRJE+eA|!yZw&Q8HvZfC-_4URv<><#V|FAu8iU;% zPsZZOk+Av93%!2xyRoDx~KO! zHd>|RaYv+9+UE#crPMyhpjARRzRwZ8^1Y)SxH@rl;p)Z}!nLOQy`w#AeynX` z^Md}W^P1}mrar#*0qpOmh3du~YoC;vF<-6jS?g0Q&&zLV{)btr>N&8s|HE$|?QLW3 z?|pSvvlH=5CX$S&65&`roJ&R{seCG#i;Ya?;AKcgMiTjWIFp-%qh}(POh8OEF&9tt@RpL6PMvuY7hL zuJyS3aP{LFz_kI_VD**HZd|j^RG#hb8@2K-CEE*KNJ{+9YO?`C4fY)AUuhKY7PTU! z15Ff3T~FK1XXXZ*%D>LEh{BJpH--1>t?i+xs&{nCE6y5W#q1DZw6)q}J(RnsxMV|4 z%2M4FArQ|Y^^qy$4~{~etURvb)-8#JGIU;=+%!X~-P{5%dtn}wcxkUF*YXS-9Y8{( zF(aV6!xB@bkirM^B8tAw@IX@(Np_d|u}MgYqY(l;6_bDw!(Qs@)cFLGDd{n3oF?12|=S4Mpx*1_HbY>}vDEOsG zGEAaq=sdniuZ}!Ki|*S%zf~UoGel{=Fogx+)qTsRTo!k$Z8`ESoCa+-@2fdp`kRZg^e^#joOfTT3zn2Ogt<2sWT3)2=0Y+mLR*k|YY6e~s+ zR!@V?SPG4^1Ig-k=yu36B?j4zJkwbi zsh|i^y_X2GXUM_e*yk0UjkYa(P$lG9qG~0$mneelQv?n( zvjwYpNg-AsYI}GLF^yu-s0R`0u+;NYISWVHXwTPriJt8e_PK6RTBk8klh>J80nVaJ@aGp-7op?Vb%EeL+iLHDct$sQ&-R7H8 z!I--2+%!Ly3a%+@2p@5>flkC%_A{bmb&BlGE>F&M=r0<#M>&bftr>yf$bK zHwF6@B4ovD{_L*-k%5oKj5KU>?v$|LZwEaw?hM>%T`PKk&-)_5Z!3FkPuKs`!CMsG)G zGkWRQU8`I|R0F_8bdki^T}JczeIi4mB`3&3Br6_a@>oL(bGIVeS38kFsj1U^rVm>t zDksq6l}a(RNys8$9y@b`w4_ z>c_`G*o0l*?ngKq6Cn5Cg_ayJqhBJCMoRL;Wp;Hc$5HhNR#sVS(28M%&* z#T*U|_y(m1M72?8gxF!q;`BlRpB>Pfedgfi;QF$ReYav9U=6r3g<9Uc?67-Wz1VL` z-lX(u`5dITrH+DOic6c(e)o`F1izBQaI_BlmppYJC=u)^otC2`_6Si$Xr3X=QSh6oH)s%$|Y#Dog>R zX#n`Yc_t-MO<$E_k5tAy3Ba`ib4h+llC+V{O>UQZIHh(XrHjFj%p|8LKJFDw_fx9N zf#f7?dCG1+^+&_4J?Ia~H-$XJ2bAPH5Jq*lUAxtlO#MN#{VBC$!~8sbu)|N?86-pj zvun&3U`h!&T-X+x+euL{JzIh;Wks5wuc_gWVe&k^pP%oH)T7HQdH(%GzaILvN#Y;0 z@F5QHoE0v%Tmt2k!0*i;Y+aQHN*q}i{zC*r_(}xw83pt7mS6`LtBsK=5eZmz2X;MG zg<7AWcl(j8!oLL|1|LCE2ptb_W=s3JbPz|JAP-L}Ya3kOBE$DDv~Ox9PRDW(Ic%Bf z%!I|><;NtS(`UeOJ?2A7yw;DTdJnQDH|nb1<#qMwh!*+vR+npyhM1A&MAnJZ*{U@= zo$i(vq-MB+dW*Zs=l3J&BA{zp6ZyB@9ZsLq<#BnuDw6fpHHb8+h#L8QZr!7I>#Exw zGy-sj>$*CFN{``j22{JdO~XHA{Og7q^sDi1opLzzPM5PuZ*_XT`WhsEcm|vv1hG7t z*X1@=#ZG@a(I*8?c!B8yC>_|bFWAdF~SCi zpW!PGq_c6QC|-#$xiO}K5GizGXJk*q^Tr|C?p37XbkPDmu4bPx4}CMxVs-|C zz8+$02mxRjSy+L|A)1Y!n~p6MP>rU|@j%eunvyh!rs#J0rU0w?`9B@*e1MG1@BzDo zEGSyiX*)XU4$3u)^jM&>j|h8Sq69@gP$x`2)a;VTHlkOWD1(ZQiTzTVrf{lH!h~XN zx?zU41>3g~-c!t$#Hc4iLby%Z45SnU%C6t)?xk2=iJKy|NW9#dtn^KhsLYAx;cZZ% z8or+ibN%0nHKE0XpCV55p&2p8T2Z7=YiL^g>B!zkvWH9YgSUtb17-=^Ipw$24e81e zuEFg-PguK13RuM$5QPc8BX0ncg6(v$WprIL&9DMjhLzz(N>$bz`(hc-tiuDL<#DxXs;fgqm>dy2d|%}8;-g*FgMfI8=61PMmv(u4__^^-(nSXoe_~T2 z;!oi4{5!FGX>4hW$9D4Mkz>a$t+7(6?z}nY3u(;4sw6N+<6XP9HuReJ=G^lEzxkan z2inXhpX>0O3xDtTv_?iYhN9tUJfsZ`4c**BS)(7<ew69(`>$z|x^0`g8!nh*1 zqPSwX;?>CKM!x zO0Xg{k1zdDzYr?SYxHOWp8|)bDKj^ena%OmQ~c}H^C2XphKiHCYMO%cp<23KXrUP5 z-p+c({BY>#>AXf?lY|Q8`4C)0p#^-q7eWqlttHQ{N4wpqK`sG4t<8rrwRwl8@tG*@ ztS?NphWXFa0`NH^I$A8@IifA|p~X3x0L^_n|J0cWSwcJ%6GCRi8_`pJq9y+Iqn0b? z`J_fQtub&Df=W-{44>#99^O>{XnTl{GE}H#Lk`v24A0F@4Va&r99?4CadZDiJ9?T< z^xw68=gExq{at>ZXB>WEdUOk`zP~Vf@&9j(75(~uXJfXq9fJS2&95~-^wExnKvy_A zoQk9qk#H<(e)ordzxl!UZFDTBZR%J4vN(!sGp;STwpRbLxNYl;{XW~bZ0^sw)2=^v z+4OejHtkXM?aF85U&=w@y|!;TKJD6l3nH)aK zzLdFYxNMB|9do#rBGu6gi4DSzUzZO%Z2P+KO1+25qgMme!{M02bqV?GofO95jBQ>` zjNoEm>v#Px D2qPEr delta 18149 zcmcJ133yxAbtdk8D<0m%!VO$Silhii6h#mO0Z_6eTC%lyljKE~Hwgql5+(>h0I1D& z;0MrDUAv7PHGN5@t=(y+PG{QGsZ*o*zE0vVjomCw;x5x9ZBi$bX7aUZ(_|V?oAhfk z|9KD8V#|&@`9|^+?z_vm=bn4cJ`^>V^{{)M?%m7o`N+x4?jF66>kx$r zo-b4~YSjC2=5h%?xTv4ZvK@`d0XEED_&}0* zx$oN-f3A)6c~_KCpRjCu`y8fIqugfJzDGw_BOd`SChGhV!F4KOW~tvwvQA=>z*- zmp|z8{cqm~8~Ri1J-)fE-7U9i;?0`qGJ6TO)bhl=E<<2UWK3dAW=vsBWz5Z(#+Ziz zCuT6_Wz5HzOK4@hjq!HIU5qmk;~8T`oe8cD_1(W{{QSL-ubp3emaRR@*Paz#d{z_( z{1QvKe6Q+%<^FwEZuu(#ZyOM+w$8e9m6!)DZAJX_l$SbtF*i&)-M zW4BvNr^dExoK2chH{+(;`oyWRE!D?!@3VJAbX~m978T}EK()g4$x>#)%xX|vp2EatMQWToJ=&vRB<-Qi(8*p?F9 zsl{vs47`FWz#HMLyt<=`l8;L(mBj+8f!BdCE}l+ibE`X4Alb|KT*j{7Fd#_z%zPHe z0E1;gs+`GWoLRcLP^c{0^Y~|VCZ&?aWXkULFqbp=N+}6w0KI>VOSvp6?6;OfTq@+N z<&|X{og<=Hv70nZ+oDNgDOpBGLPC&v0T6&`LXZljbk>=+pLx=mlmkDDrCvJ&%%coYdrwMP& zdXP(JlgmZtzO-ASi8=hLpG$}tSNaeyx31dLWYDdqeco$R3sbnrW z2TEYZb6m`%XoCrrHi75CTmXNUAeK%O!~l*ApXA-PnTw0b5{M2_?+mr|b1|D=a6qgu zH$-hQU&s|4;%B+ANK^-$K7nBjs2ILk5v!a4p!NoVVNrlI)vfz%ItOu#35*Lny@SJ` zPRW)I^h`5pC7*6CZOG;bLevmA)lrc%;dBxM`1=-zgZ*RT6Jyt>!x^?1DjpP>bOdcfn+^nhV#9*?eRn!Z-3{!;Vw`-M5^(5-KC z`q7bx&2f%AY=Lv+U3KE2**WpBgkamX4?NK1@_DC#{|;Pr#J%OIrZi6)o2vWYe2`sv zj+NfYaRo#mMAf%EuI%IK(&=>V^9Tz*$;5g42tv7e1Of84s}7(m4joR1r+u_IM@jXk zoh5HRKE!u$WCYfa44adI&_3sc0N3M$xZ-rEzQys-2O)fvB(qeNVG8#B%6ul z%p0W_LT^j2BfQm1(tDM}VxBiiELIV|BsXss*Y?ZedP!OV=4xqulVD3+korO&e_KJ{o7 z;s?v;NgZbCr)}wjHPN&^t}s1#9;)NA(2-T~&SmWFM67zH#%~WsC_> zNA~8tQ(3~#Ii#f=q0l@e z6h6J`_v&uEG)3aE{F6<6^u$R>#0$1Wc$*U8$O9#~3%3|mL9pgfM_(oxTGTdlx`hbXK| z0yPf^~|G)Ym6@M_a0Z7LPiU15jf?MgfJYDqxjK1Zpbv@QuKUMUH9UAH&iLK3Rz za)o(_x69@sDACcw@@lIM$6mtnmu&$3VxfL!rt2C^=dJaHhJi#r)v?D%mtc zP3A}OlD&pGu&Jms-Vi9^b}&)KDE)X9y#|Dyb^$l4nJ{BO!Z#@ZV@|6Tc1iG1#aB^A{j z+}L5w7S&keY*GCqUEC*{Mq~FQ>dV|4cRlX%eau(#jd{Q2{WYuQQ8mtun|bS5*Mm`PO%%msN z;i+Uep321I(W&_;-_iJ7*gbQbE=uQI9@TwXc~v@R1^nYZjj>1Fw@TKXFNt5M!dH*r z6cxozNL8}5uo}U>?amvm|9GhlIiTivfT;i5E=dvSOSLFCW@lQt4gVm%B0~G(SYliQpz|!R0PaDEy2!8 zE&~tD;O3GeFZ9yY6c#Fvb0C|`*#P!%shCM+9h^2?X?ao4HqI9T49ismy&^B8Y<=R( z!QRbKK;8~nAz#t*T5gbj__9ExJ+P@WJM}zcz~~&_i_YM_}RTtycBVgTX4O576)`Q%(Sb-a292 z73}(!=GjTK+19kjsmE4XS~D-6jjWf%HMbNm!4+nx?ld6P}q1EA;IlU5L}5C$yMk8mG}0zeEn z#uF7c+JwCw?S}YMiHiOsm)I9CZ^gcsi8_L!xAQ+nQczTd*X;w7f=!8{8YudB@mHD@ zy_iO@@S<&=yj`#m1gfkD3m2{q7Vf#qbwE@#;T;4E(d}InEUaFR7LLEYlWm7XAS!0trC=c;A-(fp;nF2@2(veXh1F|B3khud zx_N|`D}sg8q+B+Z0OzfOg=ji|Ias)SIaoMbil2vK=k7e!FwLyXtuF zR|EzLhd#%f|7p&AGcZUay51NVbc2`Yo3TO6xPlPewL*ibt8KDNvB5L8frI_nHx4ti z85^XDa6n&*4T6WSiVbeQw%20q?i=s3eywl3x7rN$5uo7ZFaYpt2K%VNVDB*4hls$; zm9aj6d1yV>M}Rus6zi*A3icr^er2$4<9e_UFwR`5z{s6nx>m67R^@Gi2bW`g!73{m|r$_r>R=#bt4}n4_+IQh6?{?$S@OTZ++m=-75|6}FvB}AFYA!l8IX{(|&O}mt`-Nw}q2nq;fwkvb)}C)&d%kV$`S!KvJ6?P~DErlKy0i}neXeg35`QMF&a5^L zz7m{uw}xW_;n?=b)b`25w&_?r9FNDXaD%s5&wnv^*!%NytBHVXYAQ5#;nd^pjnBLk z{6pqzM(PJr$x?cordiKF94j_D|0wvWYd7uD4*#qsv-OdegJW$Ds^R$dNPJr)5u2Kc zMHALH{;sXf`rT)?s+RsraOc{q!53fc)K1bW2O3)*bw4RLUW|3!>TZaKyO_Trz1sb6 zzO|EGFP`j{4~x&a*mDi^{8iR??jyk??#9g@4GxQf=K6s(`-nPgo%lpIW{nQelr!6> z}Q?SknQeZ%cber>$p4Np-2>m3o%? z4l&WbqM~xAAe3>nLB)L>cLw&50k0sYk}G9r4n!hwBS+KS0IM0dANI_fnUKO|1C@{7 zfFm7NHvzd7#}aN~>@HPYzGh3Q6&j7E!(1-l1`3ubweCD7t;1T-1(|N}5GJC2E1VZs zY(!+ZyJ9+70S#a?whU<}NCAxE&NXuuw=o+7(-K}2XHfs>q)AQ11G1}1dk!6;b6U|smG|xoiMlxXEN0$|Aw(yO@X+F zOO-+i_lVT(kksVG@zH(I^tL5W^-Il2pv|T|og(cAsC8X1q0^1m=tg*U?siQ!`c&O5 z1%0@t2M$0px(9|4+((-#6FfnDgf(`zon_)mzR98cnR2>-MdD_f`kfer%ZKC6#t7CA zMlIYu3~Mx~T`Q zkw^FIve)DB$R6#&k6-I<{P?w=4^?)yyG3$bXAY@tPAPt`YBWoSKpwj_aY*$zB}7nu z=#-*|RQbX;@94$Thi3zxemnzsHa5O_$Kb~AsM~m%=|AvXw7j!J_rV>e1ND=vv31YT z;}SPM(`f7;YLWN*%C7x99ZiMf;Y@5Q6HQFcWHO1!WHJ?trlV7_a5No{PsQdU)AQ*} zIy^Hq7t18lbKzuqW-gYPo}Qb`M58>?@ZUN#`g^_JzZG=(zbI3lZ}3lf?$AE1nLOqj z6W%Yr;4A(99mBuuy*?g|VvbmNI+dJ{B{MT~$?2JyL?oTU-^}zRGL z@8iA~tPjr(hpo}M;TP$j(~Ub)!~d)z$Rym=xG6XMx7_;UyNCC4;VaflCx$m!zgigH zxI;sV1$KfbWLLB3`hoP5_1d`fW2YGBQ_|~BG2!~C^aCnh_+eqV@x#I<^{^;?m9;jc zmp0+NxIu1&Ke_2KA#7f!tVRVFZjjBqygDtoS_FQxyqd5JN9ENiyRZ-8B)6-Dv+FN> z>*Y;&M(~92jN;jhXA7RO#kLMm#Y4Y;kLMro{CC$g$C{z*#+HHI zM_4tTF;5{lV|H^M4w+dLYc9?wouYY$lU56xGYDf2^(Q!whRl=HUF9q(Q2}?)p;i>0 z95?qMfKnnu2CQ5Ee3_Ikc<} z25v-E?Yto8ti~U);VlTMn|p$rVQ?3V_fbmWR1A?5vWlbiu-|Bdoh3-L}=@O(|GQSkMp8Cn6P)IGAguZ!P z5DIf4b1z}AD>%{7LerFVQAnQ)nTOD$J|xOGG?V#|IfB<(NEAvaAAx(c)B5_$tdFSk z#GvJVh4oVO*dvGtq%}#Pd1+pt;!JQuaI8acL$e}DA(IY8F>>uL8QC@%@F2~#Pn7cW z*@ckVPE!p?a=DVsSL`)DenOO1O65#QCfaVEZ^g7_#;ADrOW~|mfW`owwKV~CU zK`i9a`T#BG(Cvb}GMCHdZ6eO}bcsB*G)MDo7KP6WHGg~$!&syyoO{x9V+@6pB&Y1?l43FYq$*%%x=?%AJuFX`RS0Ev~K-0 z+fhZ$+CdpNUd!fm3p$-O$By5fk>&C^7z4}pPOR=0)l#{FE|@1nxQMUO9w3sXwv$KGA9|upFs@VreDr-JKKzBo1NV8w+@pMgmYWXLDX{H{9${39MxHwQdN2C9&o9 z2~t1aXS0C4m6&x^ZL|LL^K77l@WAEPN~N5|juPS{Tq#;TUjPM*UtohLkn)7RxeeH< zh_e+)PL88n-N&i(L-enCuK=T#x;!jM=aBD~_o9q5FGRod97m4BtLJTA6+{HY3pT+Y zzuEfrqB6q8vh}5+vYETfmVQdHg}+Nwi(qIZLOEM}4+y@TIZKo7mgUMK5`sde3M$mw zWLfT~`uh;gEtD!aZRpT6S3IIrqHf4L8ClrR9t*$S#>Rx8c4%5D|w>&JnhD?tv)cl6Qe{A#Qp+CrVjlRE5kqDRnbYB+Df1X!QK>-Y3=>9iHED4UpS-Ct2cHxgsp0&zd3^X1YZoBQsJ)6jQu z;ap*b1a#gO&=#{#VkL*ULtH$cDHY5ywCdLH%p!bXSld^W{t*E~J>4EsQ?1%Yq<7+E zMH&R1oaWwEq<-?+W=*mF&#UfDeI!D+21tKENzjOUY6Er;UEr!^tteX$6TRj|4PEN@ zQSZK@SGD=}3^pO8xk!pO(8Os&{Bs|DU?st2Tlf1?5hPIMtMmo|xNc zcN?@g^WJ*-iKiK96pju0dgl&x+jqO(yohpQ0FQ)5hqx@EFK)u_)W#)Q@E(ycf zY#0iilU}{6b9gV>HDa>6;j17K&LoQdTte`q9M2QUbma%oyydWN zec_zaS;e7~Ck(cWPQshPqoh z3xTT?Fw5!|Q7s^)k8Y@G6)OaGk^adB@Xt}&7c;UG#oGn7Fo$C$o6N_k{Si@4pDUL$ zSt85Y9s!ARK_Y0>BZ)|z%{!`Ury!S8i-kfCYqEMD!eKDrahtu!y$Q6oBL&Xm^|(9n z*5dd1HN)dIe0tD}lA(9#K947eJe@!QsdL_dza7ziFR~TdeXT7TYW09GVEDb>cE87q z6g!WfE&=p_>h=xko)*8?(_*xE-0(a6K2L|?Yr$2o*XO%~QhdCIADKYjK&!9A)9uCu zf}vq-o2T9D_jLL(N5Ja~z$a1No(`bcY5;|H#P3uurq*lIwefait2^Lr4Q%##J%;ba zfpPJrDwDUn@ZSJG2s`r)f1YevzmRy}D6+4ALkLeytkQjlxxn4o<%NmU*-~Z2sVP#x zWCXWY;~TqF-NThRc=#}kR!88eX&egre#iR#2EE)0m)Oogrk7jjn#vx4 zTk>-@j`uNyZ{VKVwOxXk$HxVB!`*^FY11R{d|S)}LItpdO8M0h%Fw<6Ngmk+&=IJZ z?Hw>OOQn^fGwxnNAm`PF=VJ;O*$yPw??I74IuY4P^k=|LthV+#-@ArQ#h%Q}OG zMVcJQZg=iRKy7?JP~`^&R&;vI(IxwcAW$I2>3XLi+99NoDJ1JslC-G%)Yf*d)PWn( zfV(BI#f=yYGP4Pfo$Yj-IH0nZ(yeXsx86oUr?XA;aTSNXzzFj;p-M>64z+dI+=Sxn zBv=!dDkF$ud6kXwx%O6^kd*drk6BtLqInb-t;thO`2*V2153tLtJ8J4~%@ z1p#KXv-bV;(LugU!8yY9Tr;4BGQN!w5QVe%u)C$Ly%mTv_vvirOwmq#w-MV4so7Im zA!tFy5HS+P`9r<^3zWznAz3OR!nlX$v z-REx6k@Z7=G&io7y*>j;q22&;B`Cs$T0d@^DR0#4)o{PBcm{P3bcqLXFQgVBgR~>i zik=>1c>4nOfL=h+eR@kvyN+~#i@WS^S`wn`Im9;HJ-imVvyIn}SwH$VTdOKzSa_ja zZV||J=U9y_rTQ%*E4gu~r@W!?+2FP@5V>}8Qo>Jn(5vFdd>GcPh{A2PtOvo`c5Iiq zMFfo76l{Yz)9%?Tbe+H~wY2F`z#4QefIpZQ}zDuvQ1UC z5)-(L4_qqKtgg}=__7B!&M{`?__l{8^vNdQ`v>a=FI~9JPFB4>YgH(jZYGJRaTc4%3zVd@MVvJzSU_a+b$kyZ zfhiET&(du%Fsq~%O=1T6WXVJ<5;%6=2$Ell%Fw#T1yMY#f&>r=wn)zGXSM6lO?KipCiJaTqHHsBgw61Vzoiy zoKhi;>n3v+Yk-4l?!gS!4==DDO=73&e!vu$tZhHXHdG-mGCKp!Ogt&^OxiqvUwr$s za<-27WsaRX3a$Zp4V!PkRFYU&$fgi{q%oKN6PtF3c@o1YJ={#P8rVQ)MKk3A9V`eYRcgdbh*&IVD>X#6 zWk>hd!A_zCW+-KA{mh)S#-5<)sI)*|Zq>HX@}L82L>|?-*IOyoz}d0{8#HseHf2N4 zWop<-5qhywp9V(6stftr9(w^GAwGMm5v>*Y4cNwP?N&NQGRfr{HbarHeSmtD@H+>e zV1d`}vbukP^;8uwAL3xkwKfJO;GFQ!} zYY#b_K$Ael*8x;i&*12!EBm^Nr6OViw4h@i-YA)(8R#(2=yy)5h#I-^(T0ILp;pD$ zZUki6<3WwbtwJCBS`2uT1{7BdzPgfqy6X1IorXtKG-Ue1`SZASO+BiphOFZ&EY<5q zraOjcUXM@H6|GxSwe}9Uh+Z{7S!SBgM+uW|IEUTvF)d!YAsiQ!N(v>Jlas%JSO_fGLa&Qr}| zj7pJF{yTvL5!93N4-Va8 zcc*gu(9QVf)`5*s)LDXTPgOI0$Xyx zo)N?{qlmTd*<*lPmgy)&;vTdd$rdzOYXH@!Woat+fWa@{`*G^)wjjnHF%C8$CO%EacKv~ zjez;I_B%)Oo=MLUk%t^8Cd>mQ8&k*HNo(dSyy z(Bf%ZZ-i5lq1XU1!;tBko<@eE^HnmzIKahxssPYn&H9aECmh%2JVO6uX7Jjn$Jr6{0Oy&rc5{8=0E|yt4?FLJAaZkhGj8?%_4xRlP=?__HyUvLY|0EE zOM#*rv@ZLj<`6v0d{23+eo)^Kg8NNdf;J==RLGomMs07Vbr1*>Njgh;ng=iSJ=TBw z>+y}%`*D*`Za&q`K&}>SjB3YQfFT^BMes5RQM(zgFdR}F%z4V8&x658%n~Lzlqig3 zklL;H4mp0ly*Zv;IJujH>PJ-EH^Aey=ic260fffzzZD==?dgncP+Hq|TF1XS-oI_L z2q?%Vp%voG|1BG)y<0mS3ehsA){`ZPWpRD>n_nFdweB458t??$6;Ym%)S1#I7&J|Js?AuwuZ?%L^fJ}{&>5F7&hjeO_OFc(MUHj~B01R3p|R_b z?%6zfodDCZgeoFQv>zY3q!u$s!=U&21J=90Ha=)v4{@R@qVZwt`lLX6+k zk=oR)ZSc15Lh?qNI@qV~B~Ma{T1dVy`N{;IFrG;~5j<0P zqK(N{rvLo6x((N`%l)YGU%lU#eoK76_YvW%!VrAT>x`|94aHc1i)QhOCCmR$at`kWo1e+-j4cv15-pj8R5)KEfr(f(Hx_3YuA0OA= z(2gj+rWvVNED@cWie&KNO)42p#Uq(`bRIdI(YZu4G8InGO-~`&Gn_#oHZ_j}BORYg zMbnd0bK#lkNYYL`v_AH7(2yq+kwiRZnXe7mxse^M*2-!;;5v5f_SD7Y_Z~rB@a;z$ z-#@wix48A0Kj?j~@!8z=?Y!Yz-2Uk0iXD89>o4bj#@rO^BOmLX@W!?yD=`|~7Mq-k zPRFdT|6N=Ar8LN)3ojS8Z09vU2Jqs@4kyOmsO1K{vdy%YIP)bf0#e+5K_+e^y?@r;C4!2gxD)3wT~_eEI0^QRDvt2rGD6 diff --git a/zk/Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md b/zk/Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6a1cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/zk/Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +--- +title: Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol +tags: [] +created: Thursday, August 15, 2024 +--- +# Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol + + + + diff --git a/zk/Internet_fundamentals.md b/zk/Internet_fundamentals.md index d9fe3af..f319423 100644 --- a/zk/Internet_fundamentals.md +++ b/zk/Internet_fundamentals.md @@ -27,10 +27,11 @@ protocols. From the top: ![TCP/IP stack diagram](../img/TCP_IP.png) -- The **Link Layer** concerns communication between devices on the same local - network. The transfer of information once it has been received from the - internet or its transfer between devices before it sent out into the internet. - Ethernet and WiFi are two core protocols utilised at this layer. +- The ![Link Layer](Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md) concerns communication + between devices on the same local network. The transfer of information once it + has been received from the internet or its transfer between devices before it + sent out into the internet. Ethernet and WiFi are two core protocols utilised + at this layer. - The **Internet Layer** is concerned with communication accross networks. It is responsible for identifying hosts on the inter-network by their addresses and diff --git a/zk/Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md b/zk/Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md index f996e23..721d03d 100644 --- a/zk/Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md +++ b/zk/Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md @@ -19,10 +19,19 @@ Link Layer protocols goven communication between devices. Examples include: - **Ethernet** - Wired communication +All devices connected to the internet participate in the Link Layer since it is +the base level and the gateway out of the local network to other networks. The +same is not true for other layers. For example a device like a laptop +participates in all four layers up to the Application Layer but a network router +does not: + +![Link Layer diagram](../img/link-layer-internet-diagram.png) + ## MAC addresses Each device on a link has a network address that uniquely identifies it. For -most Link Layer Protocols this is a Media Access Control (MAC) address. +most Link Layer Protocols this is a +[Media Access Control (MAC) address](MAC_addresses.md). A device receives data addressed to its MAC address. diff --git a/zk/MAC_addresses.md b/zk/MAC_addresses.md index 2c2a822..bbbe763 100644 --- a/zk/MAC_addresses.md +++ b/zk/MAC_addresses.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ an IP address which is logical. Each device on a [local network](./Link_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md) has a MAC as a unique identifier. It is a hardware-based, physical attribute of the device, typically permanently encoded onto a non-volatile memory chip attached -to the network card. +to the ![network_card](Network_card.md). MAC addresses consist of 6 bytes (48-bits) represented as 12 [hexadecimal_digits](Hexadecimal_number_system.md).