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zk/The_History_of_Computing_Swade.md
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@ -701,6 +701,8 @@ the Intel 4004 - was the microprocessor combined with three other ICs
(comprising 2.3k transistors) that comprised the fundamental building blocks of (comprising 2.3k transistors) that comprised the fundamental building blocks of
the #vonNeumann architecture. the #vonNeumann architecture.
![Intel 4004 chip](../img/intel-4004.jpg)
However it took until the Apple II in 1977 for the phrase "personal computer" to However it took until the Apple II in 1977 for the phrase "personal computer" to
enter the lexicon and become an identifiable class. enter the lexicon and become an identifiable class.
@ -716,6 +718,8 @@ required manual assembly. It was released by Micro Instrumentation Telemetry
Systems (MITS) in 1975. It couldn't do much but had expansion capability Systems (MITS) in 1975. It couldn't do much but had expansion capability
(memory, teletype interface, casette player for data storage). (memory, teletype interface, casette player for data storage).
![Altair 8800](../img/altair-8800.jpg)
Bill Gates and Paul Allen made a proposal to MITS: they would write software Bill Gates and Paul Allen made a proposal to MITS: they would write software
that would allow users to program the Altair in BASIC. They agreed and were that would allow users to program the Altair in BASIC. They agreed and were
prepared to distribute the software. As a result Gates and Allen founded prepared to distribute the software. As a result Gates and Allen founded
@ -725,6 +729,8 @@ Around the same time, Steve Wozniak (member of the Homebrew club) built the
Apple I as a single-board hobbyist project. He made this available to buy via Apple I as a single-board hobbyist project. He made this available to buy via
mail order and formed Apple with Steve Jobs in 1976 to manage the enterprise. mail order and formed Apple with Steve Jobs in 1976 to manage the enterprise.
![Apple I](../img/apple1.jpg)
By 1977 they had investment capital and brought out the Apple II. This was sold By 1977 they had investment capital and brought out the Apple II. This was sold
preassembled with casing and required no soldering. It had expansion slots for preassembled with casing and required no soldering. It had expansion slots for
third-party vendors to create compatible devices and had colour graphics. third-party vendors to create compatible devices and had colour graphics.
@ -735,6 +741,8 @@ allowed it to run the CP/M OS (created by the company Digital Research) giving
ready-made access to software such as a word-processor, spreadsheets and ready-made access to software such as a word-processor, spreadsheets and
databases. databases.
![Apple 2](../img/apple2.jpg)
Other competitors in the PC market at this time were Radioshack's TRS-80 and the Other competitors in the PC market at this time were Radioshack's TRS-80 and the
Commodore PET. Commodore PET.
@ -745,6 +753,8 @@ real interest. When PCSs started being used by businesses and their capacity
grew to include typical business applications (databases, spreadsheets) it grew to include typical business applications (databases, spreadsheets) it
sensed an incursion into its market. sensed an incursion into its market.
![IBM PC](../img/ibm-pc.jpg)
Thus, in 1981, IBM launched the "IBM Personal Computer" which rapidly became the Thus, in 1981, IBM launched the "IBM Personal Computer" which rapidly became the
industry standard. This had the effect of legitimising the concept of a PC. industry standard. This had the effect of legitimising the concept of a PC.
There was overwhelming demand. In their marketing IBM melded home and office use There was overwhelming demand. In their marketing IBM melded home and office use