diff --git a/zk/Foundation_licence_conditions.md b/zk/Foundation_licence_conditions.md index a3428de..f742067 100644 --- a/zk/Foundation_licence_conditions.md +++ b/zk/Foundation_licence_conditions.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ tags: [radio, ham-study] - in cases of reported interference, ask you to log the transmissions you have made over a specified time period -## The following types of activity are not permitteed +## The following types of activity are not permitted - Business or commercial activity - The use of encryption or codes, other than Morse Code diff --git a/zk/Impedance.md b/zk/Impedance.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62fe281 --- /dev/null +++ b/zk/Impedance.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +--- +tags: [electricity, radio, ham-study] +--- + +Impedance is not the same thing as [resistance](./Resistance.md) although it is +a related concept. + +Resistance is opposition to the flow of current **in both +[AC and DC](./Voltage_sources.md)** circuits. It is a quantity that **remains +constant**. Resistance in a circuit causes electrical energy to be dissipated as +heat. + +In contrast, impedance is not constant. It changes based on the frequency of the +current and it only applies to AC circuits. + +Impedance is calculated as the resistance _plus_ the frequency-dependent +opposition to alternating current from components such as capacitors and +inductors. + +> Both resistance and impedance are measured in Ohms diff --git a/zk/Impedance_and_antennas.md b/zk/Impedance_and_antennas.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..666dbb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/zk/Impedance_and_antennas.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +--- +tags: [radio, ham-study] +--- + +Antennas have [impedance](./Impedance.md) as a property. The impedance of an +antenna is affected by its size and positioning as well as the wavelength of the +signal it is transmitting and receiving. + +The impedance of the **feed point** (the point where the [feeder](./Feeders.md) +meets the antenna) should match the impedance of the feeder and transmitter. + +If the impedance of the antenna does not match that of the feeder, some energy +will be reflected back down the antenna to the feeder creating "standing waves". + +Standing waves are formed when a wave encounters a boundary between two +different mediums which allows the wave to +[reflect](./Radio_wave_propagation.md). Although one source generated this wave, +it results in two travelling waves, one outgoing and one reflected. This creates +an interference pattern the same as two waves overlapping from two separate +sources. + +A **Standing Wave Ratio** meter (SWR) tests whether there is a correct match +between the impedance of the feeder and the antenna. + +A 1:1 ratio is ideal. Anything higher that 2:1 is a mismatch which may degrade +the transmitter. + +In cases of mismatch, you can use an **Antenna Matching Unit** (AMU) (there are +manual and automatic variants). This is also known as an **Antenna Tuning Unit** +(ATU). This device reduces the SWR to ensure there is no damage to the +transmitter. + +An AMU is mostly required when you are working "multi-band", that is: using a +single antenna from multiple frequency bands. diff --git a/zk/Impedence.md b/zk/Impedence.md deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000