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Electronics/Cells_and_batteries.md
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---
categories:
- Electronics
tags: [physics, electricity]
---
# Cells and batteries

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Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md
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If a conductive wire is passed through a magnetic field voltage will be produced so long as there is motion between the magnetic field and the conductor. A **generator** is a device that generates current in this manner. Generators themselves need to be powered. They can be powered by steam from a nuclear power plant, water, wind, coal or other fossil fuels.
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#### AC/DC
Depending on how it is wired, a generator can produce **directed current** (DC) or **alternating current** (AC):
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A chemical cell consists in two dissimilar metals such as copper and zinc. We call these the **electrodes**. They are immersed in a salt, acid or alkaline solution. We call these the **electrolytes**. The electrolyte pulls the free electrons from the copper electrode which leaves it imbalanced with a positive charge. The zinc electrode attracts the free electrons from the electrolyte giving it a negative charge, thus a difference of potential is achieved.
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### Light (photovoltaic cells)
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Solar energy can be converted to electrical energy through solar panels which are large collections of **photovoltaic cells**.
When the surfaces of these cells are exposed to light, it dislodges electrons from their orbits around the surface atoms of the cell material. For each cell this only produces a very small amount of energy, therefore large quantities must be used.