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zk/Boot_process.md
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@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ tags:
The primary or boot The primary or boot
[partition](Disks.md#primary-extended-and-logical-partitions) of a harddisk [partition](Disks.md#primary-extended-and-logical-partitions) of a harddisk
contains a bootloader. It is the job of the bootloader to locate the contains a bootloader. It is the job of the bootloader to locate the
[kernel](The_kernel.md) on the harddrive and inject it into [kernel](The_kernel.md) on the harddrive and inject it into memory so that they
memory so that they operating system can start. This is the boot process. operating system can start. This is the boot process.
## Boot loaders ## Boot loaders
@ -65,10 +65,11 @@ The de facto standard boot loader for Linux is GRUB: Grand Unified Boot Loader.
You see the GRUB default menu when you first start a Linux machine. It will You see the GRUB default menu when you first start a Linux machine. It will
offer you various options for loading your installed OS or other OSs. GRUB is a offer you various options for loading your installed OS or other OSs. GRUB is a
filesystem like the main disk. If you press `e` in this screen you can view and [filesystem](./Filesystems.md) like the main disk. If you press `e` in this
edit specific boot parameters. Pressing `c` gives you access to the GRUB command screen you can view and edit specific boot parameters. Pressing `c` gives you
line interface. This allows you to interact with GRUB in the same way as you access to the GRUB command line interface. This allows you to interact with GRUB
would with any other filesystem, allowing for advanced configuration. in the same way as you would with any other filesystem, allowing for advanced
configuration.
## The boot sequence ## The boot sequence
@ -80,16 +81,16 @@ would with any other filesystem, allowing for advanced configuration.
3. The kernel initializes the devices and its drivers. 3. The kernel initializes the devices and its drivers.
4. The kernel mounts the root filesystem. 4. The kernel mounts the root filesystem.
5. The kernel starts a program called **init**. It has a 5. The kernel starts a program called **init**. It has a
[process id](Processes.md#processes-ps) [process id](Processes.md#processes-ps) of 1. This is the point at which
of 1. This is the point at which [user space](User_Space.md) starts. [user space](User_Space.md) starts.
6. Init sets the rest of the system processes in motion. 6. Init sets the rest of the system processes in motion.
7. At the end of the boot process, init starts a process allowing you to log in. 7. At the end of the boot process, init starts a process allowing you to log in.
## Boot diagnostics ## Boot diagnostics
Linux keeps a log of the boot process as part of the [journal]() log of Linux keeps a log of the boot process as part of the [journal](./journald.md)
everything that happens on disk. We can use the command `journalct -k` to view log of everything that happens on disk. We can use the command `journalct -k` to
the diagnostics generated during the boot. Here is a selection: view the diagnostics generated during the boot. Here is a selection:
``` ```
Jul 07 07:12:58 archbish kernel: Linux version 5.18.5-arch1-1 (linux@archlinux) (gcc (GCC) 12.1.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.38) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu, 16 Jun 2022 20:40:45 +0000 Jul 07 07:12:58 archbish kernel: Linux version 5.18.5-arch1-1 (linux@archlinux) (gcc (GCC) 12.1.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.38) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu, 16 Jun 2022 20:40:45 +0000