diff --git a/zk/Antenna_gain_and_ERP.md b/zk/Antenna_gain_and_ERP.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97afbb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/zk/Antenna_gain_and_ERP.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +tags: [radio, ham-study] +--- + +[Antennas](./Types_of_antenna.md) like the Yagi have **gain**. This means they +can increase the power that they receive from the transmitter via the +[feeder](./Feeders.md). + +Gain is measured in decibels: + +| Antenna gain | Power muliplied by a factor of... | +| ------------ | --------------------------------- | +| 3dB | 2 | +| 6dB | 4 | +| 9dB | 8 | +| 10dB | 10 | + +ERP is the **Effective Radiated Power**. This is the product of the power that +the antenna is receiving from the feeder and the gain level. + +> ERP (Watts) = power feed x antenna gain + +Some example calculations: + +| Gain | Gain times | Power to antenna | ERP | +| ---- | ---------- | ---------------- | --------- | +| 3dB | x2 | 10 watts | 20 watts | +| 6dB | x4 | 10 watts | 40 watts | +| 9dB | x8 | 10 watts | 80 watts | +| 10dB | x10 | 10 watts | 100 watts | + +### ERIP + +ERP is calculated relative to the half-wave dipole. This is the benchmark. The +power that would be generated using this type of antenna. + +But, as noted above, the dipole has a distinct radiation pattern - diffusing in +poles at right angles to the horizontal plane of the antenna. + +By being tied to the dipole, ERM is therefore not the most universal or +objective unit of measurement. + +To remedy this, there is another unit: ERIP. This stands for **Effective +Isotropic Radiated Power**. It's the same calculation but it uses a theoretical +antenna that would radiate equally in all directions as the benchmark. + +Because of the equal radiation pattern in all directions, EIRP will always be +higher than ERP. Roughly speaking, 10 Watts in EIRP would be 6 Watts in ERP. diff --git a/zk/Antenna_polarisation.md b/zk/Antenna_polarisation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b05a47d --- /dev/null +++ b/zk/Antenna_polarisation.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +--- +tags: [radio, ham-study] +--- + +**Polarisation** means whether the antenna is positioned on a vertical or +horizontal plane. + +Of the antennas covered at foundation level, only dipoles and Yagis can be +positioned at variable polarities. + +VHF and UHF are received most effectively when the transmitter and receiver have +the same antenna polarisation. diff --git a/zk/Antennas.md b/zk/Types_of_antenna.md similarity index 51% rename from zk/Antennas.md rename to zk/Types_of_antenna.md index 7fd945a..ea04bc1 100644 --- a/zk/Antennas.md +++ b/zk/Types_of_antenna.md @@ -75,60 +75,3 @@ In contrast to the others, the Yagi is directional and focused in one direction It basically works as a dipole with a reflector behind it. This helps to push the waves in the horizontal direction of travel, assisted by the director spoke in front. - -### Gain and ERP - -Antennas like the Yagi have **gain**. This means they can increase the power -that they receive from the transmitter via the [feeder](./Feeders.md). - -Gain is measured in decibels: - -| Antenna gain | Power muliplied by a factor of... | -| ------------ | --------------------------------- | -| 3dB | 2 | -| 6dB | 4 | -| 9dB | 8 | -| 10dB | 10 | - -ERP is the **Effective Radiated Power**. This is the product of the power that -the antenna is receiving from the feeder and the gain level. - -> ERP (Watts) = power feed x antenna gain - -Some example calculations: - -| Gain | Gain times | Power to antenna | ERP | -| ---- | ---------- | ---------------- | --------- | -| 3dB | x2 | 10 watts | 20 watts | -| 6dB | x4 | 10 watts | 40 watts | -| 9dB | x8 | 10 watts | 80 watts | -| 10dB | x10 | 10 watts | 100 watts | - -### ERIP - -ERP is calculated relative to the half-wave dipole. This is the benchmark. The -power that would be generated using this type of antenna. - -But, as noted above, the dipole has a distinct radiation pattern - diffusing in -poles at right angles to the horizontal plane of the antenna. - -By being tied to the dipole, ERM is therefore not the most universal or -objective unit of measurement. - -To remedy this, there is another unit: ERIP. This stands for **Effective -Isotropic Radiated Power**. It's the same calculation but it uses a theoretical -antenna that would radiate equally in all directions as the benchmark. - -Because of the equal radiation pattern in all directions, EIRP will always be -higher than ERP. Roughly speaking, 10 Watts in EIRP would be 6 Watts in ERP. - -## Antenna polarisation - -**Polarisation** means whether the antenna is positioned on a vertical or -horizontal plane. - -Of the antennas covered at foundation level, only dipoles and Yagis can be -positioned at variable polarities. - -VHF and UHF are received most effectively when the transmitter and receiver have -the same antenna polarisation.