From 3205391b747f7486c734932d5e5e9e0dd85898a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tactonbishop Date: Sun, 23 Oct 2022 13:30:04 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Last Sync: 2022-10-23 13:30:04 --- Electronics/Cells_and_batteries.md | 4 ++-- Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Current.md | 2 +- Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Ohms_Law.md | 0 .../Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md | 0 Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Resistance.md | 10 ++++++---- Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Voltage.md | 4 ++-- .../{Physics_of_electricity => }/Voltage_sources.md | 2 +- Hardware/Binary/Binary_units_of_measurement.md | 2 +- 8 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) rename Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Current.md (95%) create mode 100644 Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Ohms_Law.md rename Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md (100%) rename Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Resistance.md (62%) rename Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Voltage.md (92%) rename Electronics/{Physics_of_electricity => }/Voltage_sources.md (97%) diff --git a/Electronics/Cells_and_batteries.md b/Electronics/Cells_and_batteries.md index d11cff3..1fa7a74 100644 --- a/Electronics/Cells_and_batteries.md +++ b/Electronics/Cells_and_batteries.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags: [physics, electricity] # Cells and batteries -Cells are a [voltage source](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md#chemicals-cells-and-batteries) that generate a difference of potential via a positive and negative electrode separated by an electrolytic solution. The electrolytes pull free electrons from one of the materials which creates a positive charge. The other material gains the free electrons creating a negative charge. +Cells are a [voltage source](/Electronics/Voltage.md#chemicals-cells-and-batteries) that generate a difference of potential via a positive and negative electrode separated by an electrolytic solution. The electrolytes pull free electrons from one of the materials which creates a positive charge. The other material gains the free electrons creating a negative charge. > A battery is a combination of two or more cells. @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ With series connections we distinguish **series aiding** and **series opposing** In the case of **series aiding**, cells are connected one in front of another with the positive terminal connecting to the negative terminal of the other in a line. In this configuration the same current flows through all the cells; it is not cumulative. We represent this as follow> -However the voltage is cumulative: it is the _sum_ of the individual cell voltages, represented below as [electrical field](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md#distinguishing-voltage-from-electric-field): +However the voltage is cumulative: it is the _sum_ of the individual cell voltages, represented below as [electrical field](/Electronics/Voltage.md#distinguishing-voltage-from-electric-field): $$ E_{T} = E_{1} + E_{2} + E_{3} \\ diff --git a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Current.md b/Electronics/Current.md similarity index 95% rename from Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Current.md rename to Electronics/Current.md index b37581a..f3cc61b 100644 --- a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Current.md +++ b/Electronics/Current.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ So current is the flow of electrons. Charge is the quantity that flows. Current exists because of the [first law of electrostatics](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Coulombs_Laws.md). -When there is an excess of electrons at one terminal (i.e. negatively charged atoms) and a deficiency of electrons at the other terminal (i.e. positively charged atoms), a [_difference of potential_](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md) exists between the two terminals. +When there is an excess of electrons at one terminal (i.e. negatively charged atoms) and a deficiency of electrons at the other terminal (i.e. positively charged atoms), a [_difference of potential_](/Electronics/Voltage.md) exists between the two terminals. When the terminals are connected to each other via a conductor (e.g. copper wire) electrons will flow along the conductor. This is provided that there is a source to supply electrons at one end and remove them at the other. We call this force the **voltage source**. diff --git a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Ohms_Law.md b/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Ohms_Law.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md b/Electronics/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md similarity index 100% rename from Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md rename to Electronics/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md diff --git a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Resistance.md b/Electronics/Resistance.md similarity index 62% rename from Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Resistance.md rename to Electronics/Resistance.md index d2a897c..1d479ca 100644 --- a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Resistance.md +++ b/Electronics/Resistance.md @@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ tags: [physics, electricity] # Resistance -Resistance is opposition to the flow of current. Different materials have different levels of resistance. For example glass and rubber are excellent resistors whereas silver and copper offer little resistance to current flow. We utilise resistors to control the flow of current in a circuit. +Resistance is opposition to the flow of current. Different materials have different levels of resistance. For example glass and rubber are excellent resistors whereas silver and copper offer little resistance to current flow. We utilise **resistors** to control the flow of current in a circuit. -> Resistance and insulation are not the same thing although they arise from and utilise the same natural phenomena. Resistance is a propery of an electrical circuit whereas insularity is a property of substances found in the world. Similarly, inulators are naturally occuring materials that resist the flow of current to different degrees whereas a resistor is a man-made electrical component that is used to _control_ the flow of current in a circuit. +## Relationship between _resistance_ and _insulation_ + +Resistance and insulation are not the same thing although they relate to the same natural phenomena. Resistance is a propery of an electrical circuit whereas insularity is a property of substances found in the world. Similarly, inulators are naturally occuring materials that resist the flow of current to different degrees whereas a resistor is a man-made electrical component that is used to _control_ the flow of current in a circuit. The opposite to resistance is **conductance**. Again conductance is not the same thing as a [conductor](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Electrons.md#conductivity-and-insularity): it is a measure of the capacity for current to flow through an electrical component and is function of the fact that certain materials are better conductors than others. @@ -22,10 +24,10 @@ The opposite to resistance is **conductance**. Again conductance is not the same ### Resistance -- We use $R$ to represent resistance +- We use $R$ to represent resistance/Electronics/Voltage.md - The unit of resistance is **ohms** ($\Omega$) -> One ohm is the resistance of a circuit or circuit element that permits a steady current flow of one [amp](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Current.md#formal-expression) (one coulomb/second) when one [volt](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md#voltage) is applied to the circuit. +> One ohm is the resistance of a circuit or circuit element that permits a steady current flow of one [amp](/Electronics/Current.md#formal-expression) (one coulomb/second) when one [volt](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md#voltage) is applied to the circuit. ### Conductance diff --git a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md b/Electronics/Voltage.md similarity index 92% rename from Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md rename to Electronics/Voltage.md index c82254f..840fed6 100644 --- a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage.md +++ b/Electronics/Voltage.md @@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ tags: [physics, electricity] ## Difference of potential and the tranfer of energy -We noted in the discussion of [current](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Current.md) that current flows when there is a difference of potential between two points with negatively charged atoms at one point and positively charged atoms at the other. +We noted in the discussion of [current](/Electronics/Current.md) that current flows when there is a difference of potential between two points with negatively charged atoms at one point and positively charged atoms at the other. _Difference of potential_ is the same thing as voltage. Voltage is essential to current because it is the force that enables the current to flow. Without voltage there can be no current because in their natural state, the electrons in an atom are in random motion with no direction. To produce a current, energy must be imparted to the electrons so that they all flow in the same direction. -Voltage is the application of this energy. Any [form of energy](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage_sources.md) that dislodges electrons from atoms can be used to produce current. Thus: +Voltage is the application of this energy. Any [form of energy](/Electronics/Voltage_sources.md) that dislodges electrons from atoms can be used to produce current. Thus: > Voltage is the work required per coulomb to move a charge from one point to another. diff --git a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage_sources.md b/Electronics/Voltage_sources.md similarity index 97% rename from Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage_sources.md rename to Electronics/Voltage_sources.md index 986315c..efd2853 100644 --- a/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Voltage_sources.md +++ b/Electronics/Voltage_sources.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The following phenomena are the main sources that we use to generat evoltage: - heat - pressure -> In each case, energy in one state is transformed into energy as current. No energy is lost or gained, it simply changes its form. +> In each case, energy in one state is transferred into energy as current. No energy is lost or gained, it simply changes its form. ### Magentism (electrical generators) diff --git a/Hardware/Binary/Binary_units_of_measurement.md b/Hardware/Binary/Binary_units_of_measurement.md index b4308f8..b8ac21d 100644 --- a/Hardware/Binary/Binary_units_of_measurement.md +++ b/Hardware/Binary/Binary_units_of_measurement.md @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ A byte allows for a complexity of up to 256 possible states: $2^{8} = 256$ ## Metric units: kilobytes, megabytes etc -Having established that the core quantity of information is the byte, the convention is to apply the [standard metric prefixes](/Electronics/Physics_of_electricity/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md) to the byte to establish units: +Having established that the core quantity of information is the byte, the convention is to apply the [standard metric prefixes](/Electronics/Prefixes_for_units_of_electrical_measurement.md) to the byte to establish units: | Prefix | Symbol | Expression as base ten exponent | Value | English word | | ------ | ------ | ------------------------------- | ----------------- | ------------ |