50 lines
15 KiB
HTML
50 lines
15 KiB
HTML
|
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport" /><!--replace-start-0--><!--replace-start-5--><!--replace-start-8--><title>Transistors - My Zettelkasten</title><!--replace-end-8--><!--replace-end-5--><!--replace-end-0--><link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/fomantic-ui@2.8.7/dist/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather|Libre+Franklin|Roboto+Mono&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><!--replace-start-1--><!--replace-start-4--><!--replace-start-7--><link href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/srid/neuron/master/assets/neuron.svg" rel="icon" /><meta content="A digital circuit requires that electrical phenomena be treated as discrete rather than continuous values." name="description" /><meta content="Transistors" property="og:title" /><meta content="My Zettelkasten" property="og:site_name" /><meta content="article" property="og:type" /><meta content="Transistors" property="neuron:zettel-id" /><meta content="Transistors" property="neuron:zettel-slug" /><meta content="binary" property="neuron:zettel-tag" /><meta content="electronics" property="neuron:zettel-tag" /><meta content="logic-gates" property="neuron:zettel-tag" /><script type="application/ld+json">[]</script><style type="text/css">body{background-color:#eeeeee !important;font-family:"Libre Franklin", serif !important}body .ui.container{font-family:"Libre Franklin", serif !important}body h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .ui.header, .headerFont{font-family:"Merriweather", sans-serif !important}body code, pre, tt, .monoFont{font-family:"Roboto Mono","SFMono-Regular","Menlo","Monaco","Consolas","Liberation Mono","Courier New", monospace !important}body div.z-index p.info{color:#808080}body div.z-index ul{list-style-type:square;padding-left:1.5em}body div.z-index .uplinks{margin-left:0.29999em}body .zettel-content h1#title-h1{background-color:rgba(33,133,208,0.1)}body nav.bottomPane{background-color:rgba(33,133,208,2.0e-2)}body div#footnotes{border-top-color:#2185d0}body p{line-height:150%}body img{max-width:100%}body .deemphasized{font-size:0.94999em}body .deemphasized:hover{opacity:1}body .deemphasized:not(:hover){opacity:0.69999}body .deemphasized:not(:hover) a{color:#808080 !important}body div.container.universe{padding-top:1em}body div.zettel-view ul{padding-left:1.5em;list-style-type:square}body div.zettel-view .pandoc .highlight{background-color:#ffff00}body div.zettel-view .pandoc .ui.disabled.fitted.checkbox{margin-right:0.29999em;vertical-align:middle}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content .metadata{margin-top:1em}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content .metadata div.date{text-align:center;color:#808080}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content h1{padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;text-align:center}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content h2{border-bottom:solid 1px #4682b4;margin-bottom:0.5em}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content h3{margin:0px 0px 0.4em 0px}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content h4{opacity:0.8}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content div#footnotes{margin-top:4em;border-top-style:groove;border-top-width:2px;font-size:0.9em}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content div#footnotes ol > li > p:only-of-type{display:inline;margin-right:0.5em}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content aside.footnote-inline{width:30%;padding-left:15px;margin-left:15px;float:right;background-color:#d3d3d3}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content .overflows{overflow:auto}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content code{margin:auto auto auto auto;font-size:100%}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content p code, li code, ol code{padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;background-color:#f5f2f0}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content pre{overflow:auto}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content dl dt{font-weight:bold}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content blockquote{background-color:#f9f9f9;border-left:solid 10px #cccccc;margin:1.5em 0px 1.5em 0px;padding:0.5em 10px 0.5em 10px}body div.zettel-view .zettel-content.raw{background-color:#dddddd}body .ui.label.zettel-tag{co
|
|||
|
|
async=""
|
|||
|
|
id="MathJax-script"
|
|||
|
|
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"
|
|||
|
|
></script>
|
|||
|
|
<link
|
|||
|
|
href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/prism/1.23.0/themes/prism.min.css"
|
|||
|
|
rel="stylesheet"
|
|||
|
|
/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" /><link
|
|||
|
|
rel="preconnect"
|
|||
|
|
href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"
|
|||
|
|
crossorigin
|
|||
|
|
/><link
|
|||
|
|
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700&family=IBM+Plex+Sans+Condensed:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700&family=IBM+Plex+Sans:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700&family=IBM+Plex+Serif:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700&display=swap"
|
|||
|
|
rel="stylesheet"
|
|||
|
|
/>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/prism/1.23.0/components/prism-core.min.js"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/prism/1.23.0/plugins/autoloader/prism-autoloader.min.js"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<style>
|
|||
|
|
body .ui.container,
|
|||
|
|
body ul {
|
|||
|
|
font-family: "IBM Plex Sans" !important;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
body blockquote {
|
|||
|
|
border-left-width: 3px !important;
|
|||
|
|
font-style: italic;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.headerFont,
|
|||
|
|
.ui.header,
|
|||
|
|
body h1,
|
|||
|
|
h2,
|
|||
|
|
h3,
|
|||
|
|
h4,
|
|||
|
|
h5,
|
|||
|
|
h6 {
|
|||
|
|
font-family: "IBM Plex Sans Condensed" !important;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
body p {
|
|||
|
|
line-height: 1.4;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.monoFont,
|
|||
|
|
body code,
|
|||
|
|
pre,
|
|||
|
|
tt {
|
|||
|
|
font-family: "IBM Plex Mono" !important;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 12px !important;
|
|||
|
|
line-height: 1.4 !important;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|
|||
|
|
<!--replace-end-7--><!--replace-end-4--><!--replace-end-1--></head><body><div class="ui fluid container universe"><!--replace-start-2--><!--replace-start-3--><!--replace-start-6--><div class="ui text container" id="zettel-container" style="position: relative"><div class="zettel-view"><article class="ui raised attached segment zettel-content"><div class="pandoc"><h1 id="title-h1">Transistors</h1><p>A digital circuit requires that electrical phenomena be treated as discrete rather than continuous values.</p><p>Although a given voltage at a point in the circuit can vary widely, in order to represent the binary states of ‘on’ and ‘off’ we need it to remain fixed within certain narrow parameters. This is achieved with transistors.</p><p>Transistors are an electrical component that is capable of controlling the flow of current in the manner of a switch where the ‘off’ and ‘on’ states are represented by <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Voltage"><a href="Voltage.html">voltage</a></span></span> values within set parameters.</p><p>There are different types of transistors but the simplest for the purposes of explanation are <strong>bipolar junction transistors</strong>.</p><p><img alt="BJT transistor terminals" src="/static/bjt-terminals.jpg" /></p><p>The pins:</p><ul><li>C: collector</li><li>B: base</li><li>E: emitter</li></ul><p>Applying a small amount of current at the base allows a larger current to flow from the collector to the emitter. Applying current to the base is like turning the switch on. Removing this current is like turning the switch off.</p><p>This happens because of how current and voltage interact in a transistor. The small base current controls the larger collector-emitter current through a process called current amplification.</p><p>When a small voltage is applied to the base, it allows a small current to flow from the base to the emitter. This base current triggers a much larger current to flow from the collector to the emitter. Think of it like a water valve: a small turn of the handle (base current) can control a large flow of water (collector-emitter current). The transistor amplifies this effect, allowing a tiny input signal to control a much larger output.</p><h2 id="transistors-and-logic-gates">Transistors and logic gates</h2><p>We can combine transistors to create logic gates. A logic gate is a combination of transistors arranged such that the logical function is embodied by the characteristic input and output voltages to the transistor.</p><p>For example to create an <a href="Logic_gates.md#and-gate">AND</a> gate we would have two voltage inputs going into two transistors that are connected in sequence. The two transistors create a continuous line going from the collector of one to the emitter of the other. If either voltage input is low then the voltage of the combined line is low (equivalent to the circuit being broken) and there is no current flowing.</p><p><img src="/static/and-transistor.png" /></p><p>// Add example of OR gate created with transistors</p></div></article><nav class="ui attached segment deemphasized backlinksPane" id="neuron-backlinks-pane"><h3 class="ui header">Backlinks</h3><ul class="backlinks"><li><span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link"><a href="The_History_of_Computing_Swade.html">History of Computing (Swade, 2022 )</a></span></span><ul class="context-list" style="zoom: 85%;"><li class="item"><div class="pandoc"><span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Transistors"><a href="Transistors.html">transistors</a></span></span></div></li></ul></li><li><span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link"><a href="Logic_gates.html">Logic gates</a></span></span><ul class="context-list" style="zoom: 85%;"><li class="item"><div class="pandoc"><p>Physically, what ‘travels through’ the gates is electrical current and what constitutes the ‘gate’ is a <span class="zettel-link-container cf"><span class="zettel-link" title="Zettel: Transistors"><a hr
|