97 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
97 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Command pattern
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categories:
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- DSA
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tags:
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- design-patterns
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---
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# Command pattern
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This is typically used when you want to sequence a fairly large number of actions in a series with the option to undo or reverse them. Similarly to the mediator it has a one-to-many architecture (there is a central class that sequences the commands which are handled by other classes) but in addition to sending and routing requests between colleagues, it keeps a central store of them and can reverse actions.
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The typical example is a calculator. Will will generate this using constructor function syntax, rather than ES6 class syntax.
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You have a bunch of arithmetic functions:
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```jsx
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function add(x, y) {
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return x + y;
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}
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function sub(x, y) {
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return x - y;
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}
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function mul(x, y) {
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return x * y;
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}
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function div(x, y) {
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return x / y;
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}
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```
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Then a generalised `Command` class that has three parameters: undo, execute, and return a value:
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```jsx
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var Command = function (execute, undo, value) {
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this.execute = execute;
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this.undo = undo;
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this.value = value;
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};
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```
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We then create the specific commands by combining the functions and the `Command` class:
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```jsx
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var AddCommand = function (value) {
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return new Command(add, sub, value);
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};
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// We would create one of these classes for each of the four operations
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```
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So now the `add` and `subtract` functions slot into `execute` and `undo` on the `Command` class.
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Finally we create the centralised command class that will return values based on the individual commands it sequences and issues, store them and remove them:
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```jsx
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var Calculator = function () {
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var current = 0;
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var commands = [];
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function action(command) {
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var name = command.execute.toString().substr(9, 3);
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return name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1);
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}
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return {
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execute: function (command) {
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current = command.execute(current, command.value);
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commands.push(command);
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log.add(action(command) + ": " + command.value);
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},
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undo: function () {
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var command = commands.pop();
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current = command.undo(current, command.value);
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log.add("Undo " + action(command) + ": " + command.value);
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},
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getCurrentValue: function () {
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return current;
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}
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}
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```
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```jsx
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calculator.execute(new AddCommand(100));
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calculator.execute(new SubCommand(24));
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calculator.execute(new MulCommand(6));
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calculator.execute(new DivCommand(2));
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```
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Or undo them with:
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```jsx
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calculator.undo();
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```
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