156 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
156 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
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---
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tags:
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- javascript
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- react
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---
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# Components and props with class-based components
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A **component** is a class or a function that manages the content that is output
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on the page (the rendering of **elements**) and the data (**props**) and state
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that is applied to the elements that are output.
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**Components can be created using ES6 classes or using the newer hook
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methodology.**
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A class-based component is a mixture of standard Javascript, JSX Javascript and
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HTML wrapped within an extension of the `React.Component` **class** that you
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import into your custom JS when installing the React library:
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```js
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class Welcome extends React.Component {
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render() {
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return <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1>;
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}
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}
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```
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The JSX content of the component lives within the `render()` method that belongs
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to the `React.Component` class.
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Once we have defined a class component that contains a JSX element we can then
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use JSX tags to place the resulting React element in our page. This is a
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placeholder for the HTML that is rendered by the class component. For example:
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```html
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<body>
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<Welcome name="Thomas" />
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</body>
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```
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> A class component must include `render()`, and the return can only return one
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> parent element. Also there _must be_ a parent component. Where this isn't
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> possible, the convention is to use empty opening and closing tags, viz:
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> `<>...</>` . These are called **React Fragments** and this is actually a short
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> hand for `<React.Fragment>...</React.Fragment>`
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## Class components with state
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Most class components will also possess state. State is managed through the
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constructor method on the class component, for example:
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```jsx
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class Clock extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = { date: new Date() };
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
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<h2>It is {this.state.date.toLocaleTimeString()}.</h2>
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</div>
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);
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}
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}
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```
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We use the `super()` method to inherit the parent constructor (because custom
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components extend the React Component parent class) and we pass state as a
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special kind of prop.
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## Class components and simple components
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Within the class-based paradigm of React a distinction is made between simple
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and class components.
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A class component is obviously a component that is created as a class and thus
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which can inherit fields and methods via `super` from the `React.Component`
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class. This is necessary for handling props and configuring state.
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A simple component, in contrast, is a function, not a class. These are used for
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what we can call static or 'dumb' components, i.e they just output content and
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data, they don't have reactive state. This is why they are also sometimes called
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**functional stateless components**.
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Simple components can however take props. In fact props are just like arguments
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that you pass to a function. When you write a simple component, your parameters
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are props.
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Here's an example of a simple component that doesn't take any props
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```jsx
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function PageHeader() {
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return (
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<header>
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<h1>Site Title</h1>
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</header>
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);
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}
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```
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We can safely use arrow functions with simple components. So the same component
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could be written:
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```jsx
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const PageHeader = () => {
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return (
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<header>
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<h1>Site Title</h1>
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</header>
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);
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};
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```
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Now adding a prop:
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```jsx
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const PageHeader = (props) => {
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return (
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<header>
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<h1>{props.sitename}</h1>
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</header>
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);
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};
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```
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Then, in JSX we would apply the component with:
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```jsx
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<PageHeader sitename="The name of the site" />
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```
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> When we are using simple (functional) components we don't need to use
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> `this.props` . `this` is only required with classes. As a simple component is
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> a function we just say `props` .
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It's worth noting in passing that you don't **have** to use functions for simple
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components. You can achieve the same outcome with a class and it won't generate
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an error. But it requires more code and complexity than is actually needed for
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the job:
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```jsx
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class PageHeader extends React.Component {
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render() {
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return (
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<header>
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<h1> {this.props.siteName} </h1>
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</header>
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);
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}
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}
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export default PageHeader;
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```
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